Impact crusher



A 1, 1942- E.' WERNER IMPACT CRUSHERS Filed July 17, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheetl E. WERNER IMPACT CRUSHERS Aug. 11, .1942.

2 Sfieets-Sheet 2 Filed July 17, 1940 Inverzzfar ZwaZd H rner, 7 M

the I-beams I, 2.

Patented Aug. 11, 1942 IMPACT CRUSHER Ewald Werner, Milwaukee, Wis.,

assitnor to Nordberg Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wia, acorporation of Wisconsin Application July 17, 1940, Serial No. 345,910

.2 Claims.

' My invention relates to an improvement in impact crushers and impactcrushing methods.

One purpose is the provision of a novel impact crusher in which animpeller may be rotated at high speed with a minimum of abrasion of theimpact faces of the impeller and a maximum effect on the materialimpacted.

Another purpose is the provision of an improved relationship between theimpeller of an impact crusher and means for feeding material in anunconsolidated stream to the impeller.

Another purpose is the provision of an improved impeller in which theimpact faces of the impeller are radial or substantially radial.

Another purpose is the provision of an impact crusher in which theimpeller, or the material feeding means, or both are able.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of thespecification and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in theaccompanying drawings where- Fig. 1 is a side elevation, with parts insection,

at right angles to the axis of rotation of the impeller;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, on a reduced scale; and

Fig. 3 is a vertical section illustrating the impeller structure.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specificationand drawings.

Referring to the drawings, the impeller may be mounted for example upona pair of parallel base frame members I, 2, which may if desired be inthe form of I-beams. They maybe connected by any suitable transverseconnections, angle irons, or the like, as indicated at 3, l. Positionedupon the I-beams are anti-friction impeller bearing blocks 5, havingbottom webs or flanges 6, conforming to the upper surfaces of the I-beams I, 2. The bearing blocks, the details of transversely adjustmayprovide any suitable housing means.

which do not form part of the present invention,

by the shaft I, and with it the impeller, is rotated at a high rate ofspeed. The bearing blocks and the impeller may be adjusted along Iillustrate, for example, elongated slots 8 in the upper I-beam webs,through which pass any suitable securing bolts 9, with nuts III. c

As shown in greater detail in Fig. 3, the 1mpeller includes a hubportion II, having generally spirally outlined extensions I2,terminating in general radial faces I3, and adapted to receive impactblocks. or plates I4. It will be observed that the forward faces of theimpact plates are generally radial in relation to the axis of rotationof the impeller. The means for securing them in place do not form partof the present invention and are not illustrated in detail.

I5 indicates a generally vertical feed spout, the lower end of which I6terminates a short distance above the path of movement of the impeller.The feed spout may be of any suitable height, for example on the orderof from six to ten feet in an impeller the diameter of which is, say,three feet. The dimensions, however, may be widely varied. The feedspout is mounted on any suitable supporting plate or plates II, whichrest upon and are adjustable in relationto the .top' housing portion l8.Preferably the spout is lustrate, for example, a bottom housing portiongenerally indicated at I9, supported on the frame members I and 2 by theangle irons 20 and 2|, and having an upper outwardly extending flange22, adapted to receive and be secured to the corresponding flange 23 ofan upper housing portion generally indicated as 24. Any suitable bolts25 may be employed to bolt them together. It will be observed that thebottom portion of the housing at the left of Fig. 1 is-curved generallyarcuately inwardly, as at 26, and terminates in a discharge lip 21,which bounds one end of the discharge aperture 28. The opposite end isbounded by a bottom plate or flange 29, in an angle member the verticalportion 30 of which forms part of the bottom housing portion I9.

It will be understood that some of the material discharged from theimpeller may bank up on the shelf formed by the member 29, as at 3I. Thereceiving portion of the housing is provided with liner plates 32,arranged in generally arcuate position and preferably generallyperpendicular to the path of delivery of the impacted particles from theimpeller. At the top, a side wearpla'te 33 may also be employed.

It will be realized that, whereas I have described and illustrated apractical and operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made inthe size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing fromthe spirit of my invention. :I therefore wish my description anddrawings\ to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic,rather than as limiting me to my precise showing.

For example, it will be understood that, whereas I have illustrated thefront face of the impact plate I as being generally radial, it may beeither somewhat forwardly or somewhat rearwardly inclined from theradial, and the adjustment of the axis of rotation of the impeller, andalso the adjustment provided for the feed spout i5, make it possible tovary the position of the feed spout in relation to the inclination ofthe impact plates, or to plates I4 in relation to the path of deliveryof the material from the feed spout.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

The material to be crushed may be fed in any suitable manner to the topof the spout It. The spout is of suflicient height so that the materialhas time to accelerate under gravity. The speed of movement of thematerial under gravity is related to the speed of rotation of the impactmembers, and the spacing of the impact members or plates llcircumferentially about the impeller. The speed of movement of theimpeller must be sufllcient to strike the falling particles a fullyshattering blow.

The particles are then projected centrifugally against the platesl2,where they receive a second' impact, and then drop down and are fedby gravity through the outlet aperture 28, without returning to the pathof movement of the impeller. Thus all particles are impacted a singletime by the impeller, receive a second impact from the fixed plates 32,and thereafter, without returning to the impeller, flow through thedischarge aperture.

It is also important that impacted particles fall fully into the path ofmovement of the plate ll before they are impacted, as a glancing blow isnot desired. The high spout i5 imparts a gravital speed or accelerationsufllcient to carry substantially all .of the falling particles fullyinto the path of the impact plates ll. Preferably this line of fall isvertical, so that there is a minimum of deceleration or wear producingfriction along the chute l5. The particles then receive a full faceimpact, which prevents or reduces to a minimum glancing blows againstthe upper edge of the impact plate I, and also reduces to a minimum anyslippage or abrasion of the face of the plate. p

In preventing abrasion the angular relation of the face of the plate tothe path of movement of the falling particles is important. I find itdesirable to offset the path of movement of the gravital fall of thematerial from the center of rotation of the impeller, and to providesubstantially radial impeller faces. As the path is only slightly offsetfrom the center of rotation, the result of a rapid rotation of theradial faced plates It as the impeller rotates is to impart asubstantially full face crushing impact to the particles. The particlesare thereby centrifugally delivered substantially horizontally, or witha slight upward inclination against the plates 32.

Broadly stated, my method. is directed to advancing or moving a streamof material into an impact zone, and there causing a substantiallyinstantaneous stoppage and change of direction of the particles bymoving across the stream of vary the angle of the impact plates. Theangle of the impact plates in relation to the path of the fallingstream, and the relation between the speed of movement of the fallingparticles and the speed of movement and spacing of the impact plates issuch as to insure a substantially full face crushing impact of eachparticle delivered from the chute II. In eifect, successive incrementsor areas of particles are knocked off the bottom of the falling streamand are thrown against the plates 32 for a second crushing impact.

Since it is important to be able to control accurately the relationshipbetween the axis of rotation of the impeller and the path of movement ofthe falling particles, I had it desirable to provide the above describedadjusting means for adjusting either the impeller or the chute, or both.

I claim:

1. In an impact crusher, a housing, an impeller mounted in said housingfor rotation about a generally horizontal axis, a plurality of impactelements normally fixed on said impeller and having generally radialfaces, fixed breaker plates in said housing spaced substantiallyoutwardly from the path of movement of said impact elements andextending from a level adjacent the axis of rotation of said impeller toa level substantially above it, a generally upright feed delivery spoutmounted on an upper part of the housing and terminating closely adjacentthe path of movement of said impact elements and the axis of rotation ofsaid impeller, and displaced from said vertical alignment in a directionopposite to the direction of movement of the impact elements as theypass the lower end of the feed delivery spout, and means for varying theangle of the crushing faces of said impact elements in relation to thepath of movement of particles guided downwardly by said feed spout,including means for bodily shifting the delivery spout in relation tothe top of the housing, the top of the housing being apertured to permitthe penetration therein of the lower end of the feed delivery spout, aclosure and adjustment plate through which the lower end of the feeddelivery spout passes, and means for adjustably securing said plate inrelation to the top of the housing, said plate being adapted to closesaid aperture in the top of the housing.

2. In an impact crusher, a housing, an impeller mounted in said housingfor rotation about a generally horizontal axis, a plurality of impactelements normally fixed on said impeller and having generally radialfaces, fixed breaker plates in said housing spaced substantiallyoutwardly from the path of movement of said impact elements andextending from a level adjacent the axis of rotation of said impeller toa level substantially above it, a generally upright feed delivery spoutmounted on an upper part of the housing and terminating closely adjacentthe path of movement of said impact elements the falling or movingmaterial a succession of 76 and the axis of rotation of said impeller,and displaced from said vertical alignment in a direction opposite tothe direction of movement of the impact elements as they pass the lowerend of the feed delivery spout, and means for varying the angle of thecrushing faces of said impact elements in relation to the path ofmovement of particlesguided downwardly by said feed spout, includingmeans for providing a bodily lateral relative displacement of the feeddelivery spout and the axis of rotation of the impeller.

